The story was written during Chekhov's stay in Nice.  It was first published on November 2, 1897, in issue No. 303 of Russkikh Vedomosti. Chekhov later included an edited version of the story in the ninth volume of his collection of works, published by Adolf Marx in 1899-1901. Anton Pavlovich Chekhov (1860 – 1904) was a Russian playwright and physician who is considered to be one of the greatest writers of all time. His career as a playwright produced four classics, and his best short stories are held in high esteem by writers and critics.
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